https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_(United_Nations)
Aptitude/IQ has normal distribution:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_quotient
Hence many very smart people are living in countries outside the western countries. Let us say we want to attract talent for a project and want a team with IQ of say above 130, then we have the following number of people in each country:
| Country | Number of People with IQ over 130 (SD of 15) - Excel NORMDIST function |
| China | 31,448,038 |
| India | 30,184,911 |
| United States | 7,373,745 |
| Indonesia | 5,928,254 |
| Brazil | 4,767,698 |
| Pakistan | 4,386,828 |
| Nigeria | 4,253,992 |
| Bangladesh | 3,706,244 |
| Russia | 3,263,275 |
| Mexico | 2,926,395 |
| Australia | 553,040 |
Furthermore whilst western countries like USA/Australia are struggling in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), yet many countries with large population have outstanding STEM education.
The PISA is a worldwide exam administered every three years that measures 15-year-olds in 72 countries. About 540,000 students took the exam in 2015. Based on PISA 2015 results:
Countries strong in STEM are diverse in their economies, political and social cultures and their educational traditions, yet they all share their common value of education and school teachers enjoy high esteem, are better paid and work within more meritocratic career structures than found elsewhere.
Globalisation caused many job losses in manufacturing to lower cost workers in Asia. It has been assumed that IT and knowledge worker jobs are much safer because they require a much higher level of education, yet I do not believe this is the case. These jobs will be moved to China/India not just because they are lower cost, these jobs are at risk because many highly populated countries have a huge pools of talent that is simply not available locally . Western counties need to ease immigration to attract the the best talent (read not average!) from all over the world to remain competitive internationally otherwise the next wave of innovation can easily come from China or India rather than from the western world.
Interesting to note both Australia and US have a visa system for highly skilled workers, in Australia it is the 457 visa and in the US it is the H1-B visa. These visas are meant to allow a small group of highly skilled workers in to fill positions where no local staff are available, yet these visas have become a treadmill for replacing local workers, as well as facilitating the outsourcing of hundreds of thousands of jobs abroad. The end result is unemployed locals and foreign workers with lower wages, fewer protections, and no clear path to citizenship.
Data from the 2016 batch of H-1B petitions show that the top 10 sponsors of H-1B visa workers in the US are all corporations with large outsourcing businesses: Indian companies like Infosys, Tata, and Wipro, which pioneered the business, and US-based firms like IBM, Accenture, and Cognizant, which saw the success of the Indian contractors and began offing their own competing outsourcing programs. Those 10 firms have more workers currently employed through the program than the next 90 companies combined, a group that includes all of America’s largest tech companies and banks.
It is very easy to ensure that only genuine highly skilled workers can be granted visas by having a minimun salary of $100,000 for highly skilled foreign workers, furthermore the foreign worker must be paid the same wage as local staff (for salaries higher than $100,000) and to ensure local staff are given preference there should be additional 10% tax that must be paid by employer for any foreign worker.
Update 31/5/2018 - China leading in STEM education:
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